深入解析：官能团的多样性与重要性
作者： • 更新时间：2025-01-04 16:10:36 •阅读
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实验现象；
有机物的性质；
计算等事实大多是从性质推断出来的。
结构决定性能
在分析有机物的结构时，除了分析有机物中官能团的类型外，还需要关注官能团的数量。
喜欢
当分子式为C4H6的有机物作为催化剂，加入H2时，两种物质的量之比为1:2。
分析：该有机物的官能团可能是碳碳三键；它还可以含有2个碳-碳双键。
分子式为C2H6O2的有机化合物。如果1摩尔该有机化合物与Na充分反应，则可以得到1摩尔H2。
分析：该有机化合物含有两个羟基，由于羟基不能在同一碳原子上孪生，因此该有机化合物为乙二醇。
分子式为C3H6O3的有机物。 1mol该有机物可与Na充分反应，得到1mol H2。 1摩尔该有机物可与碳酸氢钠反应生成1摩尔CO2。
分析：根据1摩尔羟基与氢的关系为2:1，故有机物有2个羟基；另外，根据羧基与CO2的关系为1:1，故有机质含有1个羧基；根据以上分析，有机物中含有1个羧基（也参与与Na的反应）、1个羟基，因此有机物
分子式为C2H4O2的有机化合物。 1摩尔该有机化合物在稀硫酸作用下可水解；这种有机化合物可以与新鲜的氢氧化铜溶液共加热，产生砖红色沉淀。
分析：在酸性条件下水解，有机物含有酯基；可发生费林反应。该有机物是甲酸酯（其分子结构中含有醛基的特征）。综上所述，这种有机物质就是甲酸甲酯。
甲酸甲酯
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